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项目的一些说明文件

在项目中,除了核心代码之外,还应包含一些关键的项目文档。其中,README 文件是必不可少的,它提供了项目的基本信息和使用指南。除此之外,根据项目的需要,我们还可以添加以下文件:

  • CHANGELOG.md:记录项目更新和变更的历史。
  • CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md:明确项目参与者应遵守的行为准则。
  • CONTRIBUTING.md:指导外部贡献者如何为项目做出贡献。
  • LICENSE.md:声明项目使用的许可证类型,确保法律合规性。
  • SECURITY.md:提供项目安全相关的信息和指导。

这些文件有助于维护项目的透明度和可维护性,同时也为项目参与者和用户提供了必要的参考信息。

README.md

README 文件是一个项目中非常重要的文档,它通常作为项目的“首页”或“指南”,为用户和开发者提供关键信息。以下是 README 文件中常见的内容:

  1. 项目名称:项目的名称,有时还会包括一个简短的描述或口号。
  2. 简介:对项目的目的、功能和主要特点的简要说明。
  3. 安装指南:如何获取、安装和设置项目的步骤。这可能包括依赖项、配置文件和初始化命令。
  4. 快速开始:简短的指南,帮助用户快速开始使用项目,例如几个简单的命令或代码示例
  5. 文档链接:指向更详细文档的链接,如 API 文档、用户手册或开发者指南。
  6. 依赖关系:项目运行所需的依赖库和工具,以及如何安装这些依赖。
  7. 配置:如何配置项目以适应不同的环境或需求。
  8. 贡献指南:如何为项目贡献代码、文档或其他资源的说明。
  9. 许可证信息:项目的许可证类型,说明用户和开发者可以如何使用、修改和分发项目。
  10. 维护者和贡献者名单:项目的主要维护者和贡献者列表,有时还包括感谢名单。
  11. 联系方式:项目维护者的联系信息,如电子邮件地址、社交媒体账号或聊天室链接。
  12. 常见问题解答(FAQ):对用户可能遇到的常见问题的回答。
  13. 截图或演示:如果适用,提供项目界面的截图或演示视频链接。
  14. 版本历史:项目的版本历史,包括主要更新和变更。
  15. 项目状态:项目是活跃的、维护的还是已经停止更新。

README 文件应该清晰、简洁,并且易于理解,以便新用户和开发者能够快速上手。它通常是项目仓库中的一个或多个 Markdown 文件(通常是README.md),并且可以在项目的主页面上直接查看。

CHANGELOG.md

CHANGELOG.md 是一个记录项目历史变更的文件,它详细列出了项目从最初版本到现在的所有更新、改进、修复和功能添加。这个文件对于用户和开发者来说非常重要,因为它提供了项目发展的清晰脉络,帮助他们理解项目的变化和演进。以下是CHANGELOG.md文件中可能包含的内容:

  1. 版本号:每个变更条目都会对应一个版本号,通常是语义化版本控制(Semantic Versioning),格式为主版本号.次版本号.修订号(例如1.0.0)。
  2. 发布日期:每个版本的发布日期,通常遵循特定的格式,如 ISO 8601。
  3. 新增功能:新添加到项目中的功能列表。
  4. 改进:对现有功能或代码的改进,这些改进提高了性能、用户体验或代码质量。
  5. 修复:已知问题和 bug 的修复列表。
  6. 安全更新:任何安全相关的修复和改进。
  7. 弃用:即将在未来版本中移除或替换的功能,给用户和开发者一个过渡期
  8. 移除:从项目中完全移除的功能或代码。
  9. 依赖更新:项目依赖库的更新信息。
  10. 贡献者:对当前版本有贡献的个人或团队的致谢。
  11. 合并请求和问题:与变更相关的合并请求(Merge Request)或问题(Issue)的链接。
  12. 特别感谢:对特别贡献者或团队的特别感谢。

CHANGELOG.md 的格式和内容可能会根据项目的不同而有所变化,但核心目的是提供一个易于跟踪的变更记录。这不仅有助于用户了解项目的最新状态,也是开发者协作和维护项目的重要工具。遵循良好的CHANGELOG.md实践可以帮助维护项目的透明度和信任度。以下为一个简单的示例:

md
# 版本更新

## v0.0.5

- 配置更新后筛选问题。
- 添加第一次安装会先配置背景一次,如果有相关配置。

## v0.0.4

- 解决一些 bug。
- 添加可视化配置页面。

## v0.0.3

- 使用文件保存背景样式。

## v0.0.2

- 优化 README 文档。
- 在取消激活插件时清理背景。

## v0.0.1

- 发布。

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md(行为准则)定义了开源项目社区的期望行为标准。它旨在建立一个开放、欢迎和健康的环境,让所有参与者都能感到舒适和尊重。其中可能包含的关键部分:

  1. 宗旨:解释行为准则的目的和它对项目社区的重要性。
  2. 我们的承诺:声明项目维护者和贡献者致力于维护一个包容的环境,其中所有参与者都受到尊重。
  3. 我们的行为准则:详细列出社区成员在互动时应遵守的行为标准。这可能包括:
    • 使用包容性语言。
    • 尊重不同的观点和经历。
    • 尊重他人的隐私。
    • 避免侮辱或歧视性评论和行为。
    • 避免人身攻击或政治攻击。
  4. 我们的责任:描述项目维护者的责任,包括明确和公正地执行行为准则。
  5. 范围:定义行为准则的适用范围,通常包括项目维护和社区互动的所有场合。
  6. 执行:说明如何报告违反行为准则的行为,以及维护者将如何处理这些报告。
  7. 后续行动:描述对违反行为准则的个人可能采取的行动,从警告到临时或永久禁止参与项目。
  8. 归属和许可:提供行为准则的来源(如果它是基于现有的模板或文档),以及它所使用的许可。
  9. 联系信息:提供项目维护者的联系信息,以便在需要时进行沟通。
  10. 附录:可能包括相关资源的链接,如进一步的培训材料或支持服务。

行为准则是项目社区健康和成功的重要组成部分。它不仅保护了参与者免受不当行为的影响,还帮助建立了一个积极和建设性的环境,鼓励开放的沟通和合作。通过明确期望和后果,行为准则有助于预防问题,并在发生问题时提供解决框架。以下为一个简单的模板示例:

md
# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct

## Our Pledge

We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender identity and expression, level of experience, education, socio-economic status, nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.

We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming, diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.

## Our Standards

Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our community include:

- Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
- Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
- Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
- Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes, and learning from the experience
- Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the overall community

Examples of unacceptable behavior include:

- The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or advances of any kind
- Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
- Public or private harassment
- Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email address, without their explicit permission
- Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a professional setting

## Enforcement Responsibilities

Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our standards of acceptable behavior and will take appropriate and fair corrective action in response to any behavior that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive, or harmful.

Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct, and will communicate reasons for moderation decisions when appropriate.

## Scope

This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also applies when an individual is officially representing the community in public spaces. Examples of representing our community include using an official e-mail address, posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed representative at an online or offline event.

## Enforcement

Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement. All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.

All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the reporter of any incident.

## Enforcement Guidelines

Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in determining the consequences for any action they deem in violation of this Code of Conduct:

### 1. Correction

**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior deemed unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.

**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders, providing clarity around the nature of the violation and an explanation of why the behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be requested.

### 2. Warning

**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series of actions.

**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of time. This includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as external channels like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a temporary or permanent ban.

### 3. Temporary Ban

**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior.

**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public communication with the community for a specified period of time. No public or private interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is allowed during this period. Violating these terms may lead to a permanent ban.

### 4. Permanent Ban

**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior, harassment of an individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of individuals.

**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction within the community.

## Attribution

This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage], version 2.0, available at https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/0/code_of_conduct.html.

Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by [Mozilla's code of conduct enforcement ladder](https://github.com/mozilla/diversity).

[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org

For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ at https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq. Translations are available at https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations.

CONTRIBUTING.md

该文件指导外部贡献者如何为开源项目或任何类型的协作项目做出贡献。该文件详细说明了参与项目所需的步骤、准则和期望,以确保贡献过程既高效又愉快。其中可能包含的内容:

  1. 简介:

    • 对项目和贡献者角色的简短介绍。
    • 项目的目标和贡献的重要性。
  2. 代码行为准则:

    • 链接到项目的CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md文件,强调所有贡献者必须遵守的行为准则。
  3. 如何开始:

    • 如何设置开发环境。
    • 如何开始探索项目代码库。
  4. 寻找贡献机会:

    • 如何找到可以贡献的问题或功能请求。
    • 如何提出新的想法或功能。
  5. 提交问题(Bug 报告):

    • 如何报告 bug,包括需要提供的信息。
    • 如何搜索现有问题以避免重复。
  6. 提出功能请求:

    • 如何提出新功能或改进请求。
    • 提出功能请求时应遵循的模板或指南。
  7. 代码提交指南:

    • 如何创建分支、编写代码、运行测试和提交代码。
    • 代码风格和格式指南。
  8. 拉取请求(Pull Request)指南:

    • 如何创建和提交拉取请求。
    • 拉取请求的命名约定和描述指南。
  9. 审查过程:

    • 代码审查流程的说明。
    • 如何处理审查中的反馈。
  10. 社区参与:

    • 如何参与社区讨论,如邮件列表、论坛或聊天室。
    • 如何组织或参与会议和活动。
  11. 后续步骤和资源:

    • 进阶贡献的资源和进阶指南。
    • 如何成为项目维护者或核心贡献者。
  12. 感谢:

    • 对所有贡献者的感谢,无论大小。

CONTRIBUTING.md 文件是项目文档的重要组成部分,它不仅帮助新贡献者了解如何参与项目,还帮助维护者管理贡献流程。通过提供清晰的指导,这个文件可以提高项目的协作效率和质量。以下为一个简单的示例:

md
# Contributing to [projectName]

We welcome contributions to our project. This guide will help you get started.

## Code of Conduct

Our project follows a Code of Conduct. Please review it before contributing.

## Getting Started

1. **Familiarize yourself with the project**: Read the README and any other documentation.
2. **Set up your development environment**: Follow the instructions in the README to install dependencies and get the project running locally.

## How to Contribute

### Reporting Bugs

1. **Check the issue tracker**: Make sure the bug hasn't already been reported.
2. **Isolate the problem**: Try to create a minimal, reproducible test case.
3. **Submit a detailed issue report**: Include the details of your environment, steps to reproduce, and the actual vs. expected outcomes.

### Suggesting Enhancements

1. **Check the issue tracker**: Make sure the enhancement hasn't already been suggested.
2. **Discuss your idea**: Open an issue to discuss the enhancement with the community and maintainers.
3. **Submit a detailed enhancement proposal**: Include use cases, benefits, and potential drawbacks.

### Your First Code Contribution

1. **Find a good first issue**: Look for issues labeled "good first issue" or "help wanted."
2. **Comment on the issue**: Let others know you're interested in working on it.
3. **Fork the repository**: Create your own copy of the project to work on.
4. **Make your changes**: Write code to address the issue.
5. **Test your changes**: Ensure your changes don't break existing functionality.
6. **Submit a pull request**: Push your changes to your fork and submit a pull request to the original repository.

### Pull Requests

1. **Follow the coding style**: Consistency is key.
2. **Document your code**: Include comments and update any relevant documentation.
3. **Write a clear commit message**: Describe what changes were made and why.
4. **Rebase your branch**: Keep your changes up-to-date with the main branch.
5. **Respond to feedback**: Be open to feedback and make changes as necessary.

### Code Reviews

1. **Be open to feedback**: Code reviews are an opportunity for improvement.
2. **Be respectful**: Treat all contributors with respect.
3. **Be thorough**: Review changes carefully to ensure they meet the project's standards.

Thank you for your interest in contributing to [projectName]!

LICENSE.md

该文档详细说明了项目使用的许可证类型,以及用户和开发者可以如何使用、修改和分发该项目。通常情况下现在一些现有的模板即可:例如在 github 上创建项目时可以进行初始化选择。以下为一个简单的示例:

md
BSD 2-Clause License

Copyright (c) [year], [userName]

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

SECURITY.md

该文件提供了关于项目安全政策和实践的信息。这个文件对于维护一个安全的开发环境和帮助用户了解如何报告安全漏洞至关重要。其中可能包含的关键部分:

  1. 安全政策介绍:

    • 简要说明文件的目的和项目对安全问题的承诺。
  2. 报告安全漏洞:

    • 详细说明如何报告安全漏洞,包括联系信息(如电子邮件地址或安全团队的联系表单)。
    • 鼓励通过安全的方式报告漏洞,而不是公开披露。
  3. 安全漏洞响应流程:

    • 描述项目如何处理安全漏洞报告,包括确认、评估、修复和披露的步骤。
  4. 披露政策:

    • 说明项目在修复安全漏洞后如何披露信息,包括披露的时间框架和方式。
  5. 安全补丁和更新:

    • 描述项目如何发布安全补丁和更新,以及用户如何获取这些更新。
  6. 依赖和供应链安全:

    • 如果适用,讨论项目如何管理第三方依赖项和供应链的安全风险。
  7. 安全审计和评估:

    • 提供项目进行安全审计和评估的信息,包括审计的频率和范围。
  8. 安全最佳实践:

    • 分享项目团队遵循的安全最佳实践,如代码审查、静态和动态代码分析等。
  9. 贡献者指南:

    • 如果项目接受外部贡献,提供有关如何安全地贡献代码和报告潜在安全问题的指南。
  10. 常见安全问题:

    • 列出项目中常见的安全问题和缓解措施。
  11. 感谢和认可:

    • 对于报告安全漏洞的贡献者表示感谢和认可。

SECURITY.md 文件是项目透明度和责任感的体现,它有助于建立用户和社区的信任。通过提供一个清晰的安全报告和响应流程,项目能够更有效地管理安全风险,并保护用户免受潜在威胁。以下为一个简单的示例:

md
# Security Policy

This document outlines the security policy for the project.

## Reporting a Vulnerability

We take the security of our project seriously. If you discover a security vulnerability, we appreciate your help in disclosing it to us in a responsible manner.

### How to Report

**Creat a isssue**: Include the following details in your report:

- A description of the vulnerability.
- Steps to reproduce the issue.
- Potential impact of the vulnerability.
- Any potential fixes or mitigations you have in mind.

## Supported Versions

| Version | Supported          |
| ------- | ------------------ |
| 0.0.5   | :white_check_mark: |
| 0.0.4   | :x:                |

## Security Update Policy

When a security vulnerability is reported and confirmed, we will:

1. **Verify the vulnerability**: Assess the impact and severity.
2. **Develop a fix**: Create a patch to address the vulnerability.
3. **Release the fix**: Publish the patch and update the affected versions.
4. **Notify users**: Inform users about the vulnerability and the available fix.

## Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the following individuals and organizations for reporting security vulnerabilities:

**Note**: This security policy may be updated at any time. Please check back regularly for updates.

总结

这些文件不一定适用于每个项目。对于一些个人项目来说,CODE_OF_CONDUCT.mdCODE_OF_CONDUCT.md 文档就会显得有些多余。具体需要那些说明文档可以根据实际的需求和项目进度进行添加,并在以后的更新迭代中做出相应的修改或者补充即可。

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